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1. Introduction As an emerging technology for reducing petroleum consumptions and carbon dioxide emissions, the battery electric vehicles (BEVs) have been deployed increasingly in recent years due to the development of battery charging technology [1, 2]. As it was reported in 2013 that transportation accounts for over 60% of all petroleum consumptions in the United States, and 60% of the petroleum consumptions was imported [3], the energy conservation benefits of deploying BEVs could be expected. It was also evaluated that shifting from conventional gasoline vehicles to plug-in hybrid electric vehicles could reduce the gasoline consumptions by up to 52% of the petroleum import in the United States [4]. For the environment perspective, it was shown that transportation was responsible for 23% of the worldwide carbon dioxide emissions [5], and using BEV could even reduce carbon emissions by up to 60% in some cases comparing with conventional hybrid vehicles [6]. Though the benefits could be confirmed for deploying BEVs, there is still a barrier for people to choose BEVs, which is range anxiety [7]. The range anxiety refers to the fact that BEV drivers fear for batteries running out of power en route due to the limited battery capacity of power [8, 9]. The inevitability of range anxiety prevents BEV drivers to take longer journey. As a remedy, the deployment of public charging infrastructure plays a critical role in the BEV market and promoting the adoption of BEV [10, 11]. But the supply of the public charging infrastructure is far from enough at present, especially in developing countries. Therefore, there are cases that BEV could breakdown because of the limited power en route. In the cases, rescue service should be provided for the breakdown BEVs. Note that for BEVs, it is not easy to refill the power as for the traditional gasoline vehicles. Nowadays, there is a special type of vehicle which is the mobile charging vehicle (MCV) that could provide charging services for BEV drivers with requests [12]. Furthermore, with the rapid development of mobile Internet, BEV drivers could submit their charging service requests via Apps on smartphones, such as Eyuechongdian [13]. As mentioned by Cui et al. [13], the operators arrange MCVs after the service requests are collected, such as: BEV identification, state of charge, location, charging time interval, etc. The detailed mobile service flow is shown in Figure 1. First, the customer sends a charging service request to the operator through the App. The operator will then arrange for MCVs to provide the service, but there will be two situations at this time where one situation is that if the car has enough power, it will provide the service directly to the customer (along the red line); otherwise, it will first go to the charging station to recharge its battery itself and then provide the service (along the black line). Therefore, the mobile charging service can be a good solution to the problem of insufficient battery power during car travel. |
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